Formal Thinking Patterns (Monarchy-Hierarchy-Anarchy-Minority) and their Relationship to Academic Grit among Students at Al-Mustansiriyah University. jperc. 2024;21(82):379-413. Accessed July 4, 2025. https://www.jperc.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/jperc/article/view/1870